Stone

 **What are stones made of?** It`s a materials minerals  **How many types of stone are there?** There are six types of stone on costruction: **1.** **Granite** **2.** **Limestone** **3.** **Sandstone** **4.** **Marble** **5.** **Soapstone** **6.** **Alabaster** 

**__ Types of natural stone: __**
 Granite  is one of the hardest stones, and requires such different techniques to sedimentary stones that it is virtually a separate trade. With great persistence, simple mouldings can and have been carved into granite, for example in many Cornish churches and the city of Aberdeen. Generally, however, it is used for purposes that require its strength and durability, such as kerbstones, countertops, flooring, and breakwaters. <span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Igneous stone ranges from very soft rocks such as pumice and scoria to somewhat harder rocks such as tuff and hard rocks such as obsidian, granite and basalt. <span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> Marble has traditionally been used for carving statues, and for facing many Byzantine and Renaissance Italian buildings. The traditional home of the marble industry is the area around Carrara in Italy, from where a bright white marble is extracted in vast quantities. <span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> Slate is a popular choice of stone for memorials and inscriptions, as its fine grain and hardness means it leaves details very sharp. Meanwhile, its tendency to split into thin plates has made it a popular roofing material. <span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;">Many of the world's most famous buildings have been built of sedimentary stone, from Durham Cathedral to St Peter's in Rome. There are two main types of sedimentary stone used in masonry work, limestones and sandstones. Examples of limestones include Bath and Portland stone. Yorkstone and Sydney sandstone are well-known sandstones.
 * Igneous Stone**
 * Metamorphic**
 * Sedimentary**

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">**Describe 2 stone laying techniques** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">There are two techniques for working with stone: <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">The simplest and cheapest stonework is RUBLE; i.e., roughly broken stones of any shape bounded in mortar and the strongest and most suitable stonework for monumental architecture is ASHLAR MASONRY, which consists of regularly cut blocks (usually rectangular) <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">**What are their advantages and disadvantages?** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Its advantages are durability, adaptability to sculptural treatment, and the fact that it can be used in modest structures in its natural state. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Its disadvantages are difficult to quarry, transport, and cut, and its weakness is tension limits its use for beams, lintels, and floor supports.